First non-invasive functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Baboons

Hemispheric asymmetries have long been seen as characterizing the human brain; yet, an increasing number of
reports suggest the presence of such brain asymmetries in our closest primate relatives. However, most available
data in non-human primates have so far been acquired as part of neurostructural approaches such as MRI, while
comparative data in humans are often dynamically acquired as part of neurofunctional studies. In the present
exploratory study in baboons (Papio anubis), we tested whether brain lateralization could be recorded noninvasively
using a functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) device in two contexts: motor and auditory
passive stimulations. Under light propofol anaesthesia monitoring, three adult female baboons were exposed to a
series of (1) left- versus right-arm passive movement stimulations; and (2) left- versus right-ear versus stereo
auditory stimulations while recording fNIRS signals in the related brain areas (i.e., motor central sulcus and
superior temporal cortices respectively). For the sensorimotor condition our results show that left-arm versus
right-arm stimulations induced typical contralateral difference in hemispheric activation asymmetries in the
three subjects. For the auditory condition, we also revealed typical human-like patterns of hemispheric asymmetries
in one subject, namely a leftward lateralization for right ear stimulations for all three channels. Overall,
our findings support the use of fNIRS to investigate brain processing in non-human primates from a functional
perspective, opening the way for the development of non-invasive procedures in non-human primate brain
research.

Debracque, C., Gruber, T., Lacoste, R., Grandjean, D., Meguerditchian, A. (in press). Validating the use of functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in monkeys:
The case of brain activation lateralization in Papio anubis. Behavioral Brain Research.